diff --git a/tsc/internal/checker/flow.go b/tsc/internal/checker/flow.go
index d08254cc8ef88..3de5b661c1e51 100644
--- a/tsc/internal/checker/flow.go
+++ b/tsc/internal/checker/flow.go
@@ -707,7 +707,7 @@ func (c *Checker) narrowTypeByDiscriminantProperty(t *Type, access *ast.Node, op
 				candidate := c.getConstituentTypeForKeyType(t, c.getTypeOfExpression(value))
 				if candidate != nil {
 					if assumeTrue && operator == ast.KindEqualsEqualsEqualsToken || !assumeTrue && operator == ast.KindExclamationEqualsEqualsToken {
-						return candidate
+						return c.addNullableConstituents(candidate, t)
 					}
 					if propType := c.getTypeOfPropertyOfType(candidate, keyPropertyName); propType != nil && isUnitType(propType) {
 						return c.removeType(t, candidate)
@@ -722,6 +722,13 @@ func (c *Checker) narrowTypeByDiscriminantProperty(t *Type, access *ast.Node, op
 	})
 }
 
+// Nullable constituents have no key property, so the general discriminant narrowing logic in
+// narrowTypeByDiscriminant always retains them in branches where the discriminant can match. Add
+// them back to a constituent selected through the key property map to produce the same result.
+func (c *Checker) addNullableConstituents(candidate *Type, t *Type) *Type {
+	return c.getUnionType([]*Type{candidate, c.filterType(t, func(t *Type) bool { return t.flags&TypeFlagsNullable != 0 })})
+}
+
 func (c *Checker) narrowTypeByDiscriminant(t *Type, access *ast.Node, narrowType func(t *Type) *Type) *Type {
 	propName, ok := c.getAccessedPropertyName(access)
 	if !ok {
@@ -1241,7 +1248,7 @@ func (c *Checker) narrowTypeBySwitchOnDiscriminantProperty(t *Type, access *ast.
 				return c.unknownType
 			}))
 			if candidate != c.unknownType {
-				return candidate
+				return c.addNullableConstituents(candidate, t)
 			}
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/narrowingUnionWithBang.types b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/narrowingUnionWithBang.types
index 0e44a18ee2844..3470ec943bbb3 100644
--- a/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/narrowingUnionWithBang.types
+++ b/tsc/testdata/baselines/reference/compiler/narrowingUnionWithBang.types
@@ -83,9 +83,9 @@ if (working.thing!.name !== "Correct") {
 >log : (...data: any[]) => void
 >working.thing!.id : string
 >working.thing! : { name: 'Correct'; id: string; }
->working.thing : { name: 'Correct'; id: string; }
+>working.thing : { name: 'Correct'; id: string; } | undefined
 >working : WorkingType
->thing : { name: 'Correct'; id: string; }
+>thing : { name: 'Correct'; id: string; } | undefined
 >id : string
 }
 
diff --git a/tsc/testdata/tests/cases/compiler/discriminatedUnionNonNullAccessNarrowing.ts b/tsc/testdata/tests/cases/compiler/discriminatedUnionNonNullAccessNarrowing.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3483b55208732
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tsc/testdata/tests/cases/compiler/discriminatedUnionNonNullAccessNarrowing.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// @strict: true
+// @noEmit: true
+// @noTypesAndSymbols: true
+
+// A non-null assertion narrows only the asserted expression itself; it does not establish a
+// persistent non-null flow fact for the underlying reference. This must hold identically for
+// unions small enough to use the fallback discriminant narrowing path and unions large enough
+// to use the optimized key-property path, so that a `!` assertion behaves consistently
+// regardless of union size (#62511). Optional chaining remains the idiomatic way to narrow the
+// reference itself and continues to do so unchanged.
+
+type Small =
+    | { type: "1" }
+    | { type: "2" }
+    | undefined;
+
+type Large =
+    | { type: "1" }
+    | { type: "2" }
+    | { type: "3" }
+    | { type: "4" }
+    | { type: "5" }
+    | { type: "6" }
+    | { type: "7" }
+    | { type: "8" }
+    | { type: "9" }
+    | { type: "10" }
+    | undefined;
+
+type LargeWithNull = Exclude<Large, undefined> | null;
+
+// Strict equality, both branches.
+
+declare let smallEqual: Small;
+if (smallEqual!.type === "1") {
+    // @ts-expect-error
+    smallEqual.type;
+} else {
+    // @ts-expect-error
+    smallEqual.type;
+}
+
+declare let largeEqual: Large;
+if (largeEqual!.type === "1") {
+    // @ts-expect-error
+    largeEqual.type;
+} else {
+    // @ts-expect-error
+    largeEqual.type;
+}
+
+// Strict inequality.
+
+declare let smallNotEqual: Small;
+if (smallNotEqual!.type !== "1") {
+    // @ts-expect-error
+    smallNotEqual.type;
+}
+
+declare let largeNotEqual: Large;
+if (largeNotEqual!.type !== "1") {
+    // @ts-expect-error
+    largeNotEqual.type;
+}
+
+// Switch.
+
+declare let smallSwitch: Small;
+switch (smallSwitch!.type) {
+    case "1":
+        // @ts-expect-error
+        smallSwitch.type;
+        break;
+}
+
+declare let largeSwitch: Large;
+switch (largeSwitch!.type) {
+    case "1":
+        // @ts-expect-error
+        largeSwitch.type;
+        break;
+}
+
+// `null` constituents are preserved just like `undefined`.
+
+declare let largeNullEqual: LargeWithNull;
+if (largeNullEqual!.type === "1") {
+    // @ts-expect-error
+    largeNullEqual.type;
+}
+
+declare let largeNullSwitch: LargeWithNull;
+switch (largeNullSwitch!.type) {
+    case "1":
+        // @ts-expect-error
+        largeNullSwitch.type;
+        break;
+}
+
+// Control: optional chaining is unaffected and remains the idiomatic way to narrow the
+// reference itself, for both union sizes.
+
+declare let smallOptional: Small;
+if (smallOptional?.type === "1") {
+    smallOptional.type;
+} else {
+    // @ts-expect-error
+    smallOptional.type;
+}
+
+declare let largeOptional: Large;
+if (largeOptional?.type === "1") {
+    largeOptional.type;
+} else {
+    // @ts-expect-error
+    largeOptional.type;
+}