[TS PBT] Capture bounded property observations (checkpoint)

[CaelmBleidd]

Scope

Partial checkpoint for #396, stacked on the accepted #395 branch and PR #407.

• Add a bounded, opt-in property observation artifact with invocation/run identity, admission and outcome, fast-check phase, source hashes, safe tagged snapshots, point occurrences, event order, and reported losses.
• Verify selected TypeScript source bytes before import. Keep executable build provenance explicitly unverified.
• Capture callback inputs automatically at the invocation boundary. Capture named assertion operands through explicit hooks at their actual source operations; keep tested-call return values separate from predicate Boolean outcomes.
• Exercise the original fast-check array property with input and intermediate traces, including a failing upstream oracle and a passing Set implementation.
• Add conformance coverage for repeated points, mutation, special values, exceptions, short-circuiting, replay/shrink phase, source changes, and asynchronous pending state.

Validation

• npm test: 68 adapter tests passed.
• ./gradlew :usvm-ts-fast-check:check :usvm-ts-pbt:check :usvm-ts-fast-check:detektMain :usvm-ts-fast-check:detektTest :usvm-ts-pbt:detektMain :usvm-ts-pbt:detektTest: passed.
• git diff --check: passed before commit.

Remaining for #396

Selected automatic instrumentation with the TypeScript toolchain, executable build verification sufficient for exact EtsIR binding, and measured full-run instrumentation overhead are still required. This draft is a reviewable recorder/schema checkpoint; it does not close #396 or establish exact source-to-EtsIR binding.